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Tannery effluent is among one of the hazardous pollutants of industry. Major problems are due to wastewater containing heavy metals, toxic chemicals, chloride, lime with high dissolved and suspended salts and other pollutants. Tanneries generate wastewater in the range of 30 - 35 L/kg skin / hide processed with variable pH and high concentrations of suspended solids, BOD, COD, tannins including chromium. Chromium is the major constituent of tannery effluent, which is the heavy metal and highly toxic to aquatic fauna. Chromium is not known to accumulate in the bodies of fish, but high concentrations of chromium, due to the disposal of metal products in surface waters, can damage the gills of fish that swim near the point of disposal. This book experimentally explains the Chromium toxicity on fresh water edible fish, Cyprinus carpio and explains the impact of tannery effluents.

Biotechnological conversion of cellulosic biomass is potentially sustainable approach to develop novel bioprocesses and products. Microbial cellulases have become the focal biocatalysts due to their complex nature and wide spread industrial applications. In addition, cellulase production is the most important step in the economical production of ethanol, SCP and other chemicals from renewable cellulosic materials. To date, the production of cellulase has been widely studied in submerged culture processes, but the relatively high cost of enzyme production has hindered the industrial application of cellulose bioconversion. It has been reported that solid state fermentation is an attractive process to produce cellulase economically due to its lower capital investment and lower operating expenses. In this book, authors experimentally analyzed and illustrated the suitability of locally available cheap agro-residues as solid supports for the growth of A. niger in solid state fermentation for production of cellulolytic enzymes. In addition, a variety of leachate methods for maximum recovery of enzyme from the solid-state fermentation of bran were explained in this book.

Dr. Buddolla Viswanath successfully completed Master Programme in 2001 in First class from Sir Krishnadevaraya University, India. He entered into research course in 2001 in the Karnatak University, Dharwad, India and carried out research leading to the award of M.Phil degree in 2003. Afterwards author joined in Microbiology department of Sri Krishnadevaraya University for his Doctoral programme on “Production, purification and characterization of laccase from Stereum ostrea” under the guidance of Prof. B.R. Reddy and has been awarded Ph.D. degree in January 2008. During his doctoral program he received Junior and Senior Research Fellowships from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. Some of the results of his studies are presented in International and National symposia. He was Postdoctoral fellow during 2008 to 2009 at Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. The author is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Environmental Sciences at Global college of Engineering and Technology, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India. The author has more than 10 papers, 1 book and 1 chapter in diverse fields to his credit.

Reactive dyes are synthetic dyes, which are increasingly used in the textile industries because of their ease and cost effectiveness in synthesis, firmness and variety in color. The strong color of discharged dyes even at very small concentrations has a huge impact on the aquatic environment caused by its turbidity and high pollution strength. In recent years, there has been an intensive research on fungal decolourization of dye wastewater. It is becoming a promising alternative to replace or supplement present treatment processes. This book experimentally explains various fungi, living or dead cells, which are capable of decolorizing dye wastewaters; discusses various mechanisms involved; reports some elution and regeneration methods for fungal biomass; summarizes the present experimental methods for increasing the biosorption capacity of fungal biomass; discusses the effect of various factors on decolorisation with lab experiments.