Arun Bhagat — новинки

Study were the effect of feed rates, spray drying temperature on blended pomegranate juice powder and to evaluate the storage stability of pomegranate juice powder. Spray drying parameters were considered in which three levels of temperature and feed rates included, viz., 1750C, 1850C, 1950C and 15% (300ml/hr), 20% (400 ml/hr) 25% (500 ml/hr), respectively. The different additives like corn starch, Maltodextrin and soluble starch were added in spray dried pomegranate juice powder. The pomegranate juice powder stored in refrigerated storage conditions for 30 days of storage period. The sensory attributes like colour, flavor, appearance, taste and overall acceptability of samples for ambient temperature and refrigerator storage conditions (4-6 0C) were analyzed and pH, acidity and moisture content also determined at regular intervals of 10 days. Spray drying of pomegranate juice in not possible without additives and soluble starch proved best for spray drying of pomegranate juice. Better product and quality juice powder, inlet hot air temperature of 1950C at 15 and 20 % feed rate found optimum. In sensory evaluation, the overall appearance was better in refrigerated temperature.

The effect of osmotic dehydration process parameters viz. sugar syrup concentration and syrup temperature on water loss, sugar gain and mass reduction was evaluated to determine the constants of the Azuara model. It was found that the water loss, sugar gain and mass reduction, increases with increase of solution concentration and temperature. The treatment 70 ?B and 50 ?C was found to be statistically significant showing increasing TSS content. Reducing sugar content was found to be decreasing up to 36.70 % shows better results. Ascorbic acid content was found decreased from 3.66-1.12 mg/100g, showing better results.

Okara (residue of soymilk) is rich in proteins, fibers and lipids. It also contains isoflavones which are thought to have a positive effect on health. Sweet Biscuits with partial replacement of wheat flour by okara flour at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% incorporation level were produced. The proximate analysis indicated that protein, fat and ash content of biscuits increased whereas carbohydrate and moisture content of biscuits decreased with increasing the incorporation level of okara flour. Protein content of biscuit samples increased from 3% to 21%. The increase in protein content indicates that supplementation of okara flour with wheat flour would greatly improve the protein nutritional quality of biscuits. Texture profile analysis showed that the hardness value of biscuit samples decreased from 36.807 N to 24.17 N with increasing the incorporation level of okara flour. Sensory evaluation revealed that 30 percent okara flour incorporation with wheat flour was found to be the most acceptable combination in biscuit making with respect to nutritional, textural and organoleptic qualities of biscuits.

The soil loss is proportional to degree of slope and accordingly different models have been developed. But most of them consider uniform slope and in nature the slopes are combination of simple profiles. The undulating slope shape will have different effect on runoff, soil loss and thus the nutrient loss. Therefore this study was undertaken with the objectives (i) to study the effect of undulating slopes on runoff and soil loss (ii) to study the effect of slope shape on nutrient movement and loss and (iii) determine the topographic factor in Universal Soil Loss Equation for Undulating slopes. The runoff and soil loss was maximum from the concave-convex-concave- convex slope shape without crop, whereas it was minimum from uniform slope without crop.

Bt.cotton under different irrigation schedules, to assess the effect of drip irrigation schedules and fertilizer levels on spectral reflectance of Bt.cotton, to assess the water use efficiency and economic feasibility of drip irrigation system for Bt.cotton. The cotton (BT. Bunny), now a popular variety having good fibre quality for present study. The drip irrigation scheduled at 0.5 PE is better in regards with the growth attributes of Bt.Cotton viz., plant height, number of functional leaves, leaf area, number of squares per plant, number of green balls per plant. Application of 125% RDF improves growth characteristics of Bt.Cotton. Drip irrigation scheduled at 0. 5 PE with green gram as inter crop gave highest water use efficiency whereas drip of 0.5 PE depth with green gram as intercrop and 75% of RDF gave highest fertilizer use efficiency. RVI and NDVI at 60DAS shows that, RVI and NDVI were higher in 0.5PE (I2). Drip irrigation of 0.5 PE with green gram as intercrop produced significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield. However, the highest GMR, NMR and comparatively higher B:C ratio is obtained if drip irrigation is scheduled at 0.5 PE with75% RDF.

Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. It is an essentially inexhaustible source, potentially able of meeting a significant portion of energy needs of nation with minimum adverse environmental consequences. The sun drying products are unhygienic, infectious, test less and loose original color. The overall dimension of solar collector is 1200 X 900 X 200 mm and of drying cabinet is 600 X 600 X 1000 mm. Solar intensity on collector surface was about 20 to 25 % more that on horizontal surface. The drying air temperature in case of dryer ranged from 320 C to 640 C. Grapes dried in both the models of solar dryer retained good color and pungency as compared to sun drying.

Extraction of Curcumin was done by using solvents ethanol, hexane, acetone and HPLC method to determine the best solvent for Curcumin extraction. Boiled and steam cooked turmeric was used for solvent extraction to quantify the percentage of Curcumin retaining in turmeric. Also to know the variety suitable for Curcumin extraction and on that basis the quality of turmeric and its market value can be judged which will be helpful to farmers, businessmen, industrialist and consumers. Fresh rhizomes of four varieties were washed, boiled, steam cooked, dried, polished grinded and Curcumin was extracted by ethanol, acetone, hexane and HPLC method. The highest percentage of Curcumin was extracted from variety Pratibha as compared with other three varieties. It was concluded that Curcumin retained in steam cooked turmeric is higher than boiled turmeric for all varieties in all methods of Curcumin extraction. The Curcumin extracted by HPLC method (7.73%) is higher than other three methods. The ethanol is the best solvent for Curcumin extraction than acetone and hexane for all varieties of turmeric.

Expansion of urban populations and increased coverage of domestic water supply and sewage give rise to greater quantities of wastewater. Both the need to conserve water and to safe and economically dispose of wastewater make the use of wastewater in agriculture a very feasible option. Furthermore, wastewater reuse may reduce fertilizer rates and provide a low cost source of irrigation water. Moreover, irrigation with municipal wastewater considered an environmentally sound wastewater disposal practice that helps in minimizing the pollution of the ecosystem subjected to contamination by direct disposal of wastewater into surface or groundwater. In addition, wastewater is a valuable source for plant nutrients and organic matter needed for maintaining fertility and productivity of arid soil. However, reuse of wastewater for irrigation may potentially create environmental problems if not properly treated and managed. The result were yields of onion for all treatments were analyzed statistically and no significant differences were found among the treatments of polluted groundwater by municipal waste and normal well water.

To fulfill the increasing demand of food and agriculture production therefore need to develop new ideas and technologies in agriculture sector. The crop production is directly influenced by soil fertility and Physico-chemical properties. Therefore investigation at sakharapa watershed was undertaken to know the soil fertility status and to evaluate the Physico-chemical properties of soil. To evaluate Physico-chemical properties, the topographic and soil survey were taken and watershed divided into various land use pattern viz. grass land, crop land and terrace land. Soil samples collected from each land area and analysed for further investigation. Physical and chemical properties showed different trends for each land for soil depth varying from 0 to 45 cm.

This research effort emphasizes on cooking of turmeric rhizomes by using solar steam generation system. This study will help to farmers, scientists, industrialists and new entrepreneurs engaged in growing and processing of turmeric. The Scheffler cooker is modified for cooking of turmeric. The performance of solar steam cooker was evaluated for two conditions viz. no load condition and full load condition with turmeric. Tests were carried out to know the trend of various operating parameters such as inlet and out let temperature of receiver, inlet and out temperature of receiver, solar insolation, wind velocity and pressure of steam.

The study aimed at estimating runoff and sediment yield by using remote sensing and GIS techniques in catchment. Thematic layers of soil, topographic elevation, slope, land use/land cover (LULC) were generated in GIS platform by using existing soil map, SRTM DEM, and IRS-P4 satellite imagery. The GIS-based soil map was used to develop hydrologic soil group (HSG) map of the study area. HSG and LULC maps were used to generate curve number (CN) map in the GIS environment. Weighted CN value under antecedent moisture condition (AMC) type I, II and III for catchment was computed based on the GIS-based CN map, which were used to compute annual surface runoff. Furthermore, GIS-based maps of six USLE model factors, R, K, L, S, C and P, were generated. Raster maps of the six USLE factors were multiplied to estimate sediment yield on pixel basis.

The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The higher dose of PBSW (500 m3 ha-1) seems to be superior on sodic soil in improving soil physical, chemical properties, increasing yield and uptake of N, P and K by wheat crop in sodic soil. The treatment FYM + 100 % GR + RDF was equally superior to the treatment PBSW @ 500 m3 ha-1 indicating that the dose of PBSW @ 500 m3 ha-1 was equivalent to FYM + 100 % GR + RDF in improving soil physico-chemical properties and yield of wheat in sodic soil. There was improvement in physical and chemical properties, increase in wheat yield and nutrient uptake by wheat in sodic soil as the dose of PBSW increased from 100 m3 ha-1 to 500 m3 ha-1.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield response of cauliflower (Brassica olreracea L.) under surface and subsurface drip irrigation with fertigation through field experiment. The treatment consisted of two irrigation methods viz., surface and subsurface drip irrigation. The surface drip laterals were placed on the surface whereas in subsurface drip the laterals were placed at 15 cm depth below surface. The biometric attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index and yield attributes viz., total curd yield and circumference of curd were monitored periodically. The soil moisture during irrigation cycle and root length density at harvest also was measured by taking the soil samples.

Cucumber is an important cucurbitaceous crop, which play an important role in our diet, due to its high nutritive value. The area and productivity of cucumber is very low, hence to maximize the production per unit of water use, adequate and timely supply of water is crucial one. Protected cultivation is frequently adopted for obtaining higher yield per unit area. The present investigation aimed with specific objectives to work out the water requirement of cucumber under shade net house, to study yield response of cucumber to different shading percentage of shade net and fertigation, to compute water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and to work out the cost economics of cucumber cultivation in shade net house. Thus, the overall findings revealed that, maximum yield of cucumber Var. Gypsy, can be obtained by cultivating the crop under shade net with NPK through drip system.

The knowledge of drought monitoring, pomegranate evapotranspiration, water balance study is necessary to generate best plan for maximum production of pomegranate. In addition to this, it is important for the decision makers and planners if the values of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) are known at certain probability levels. Further, the evapotranspiration prediction guarantees a reliable project planning, design and operation irrigation systems. ETr takes care of variation in climate and kc is dependent on crop and its growth stages. In addition to this, it is important for the decision makers and planners if the values of ETc at certain probability levels are known. The reference crop evapotranspiration values were estimated by Penman-Monteith daily records of meteorological parameters. The abrupt changes, large variation from mean values of meteorological parameters are observed in Ambe and Mrig bahars. In case of Hasta bahar uniform variation of all parameter observed which will helpful for healthy and disease free growth of pomegranate tree and its maximum production. Hence forth Hasta bahar is best for maximum pomegranate production.