A.B.M. Sharif Hossain — новинки

Innovation in research and study is a significant factor in the modern age of technology like Biotechnology. With view to this aim,present manuscript has been published to get some new information that will be helpful for the students and researchers. Effects of stress on plant Photosynthetic yield, chlorophyll fluorescence, fruit production are discussed well. Effects of stresses like xylem and phloem stress, water stress, light stress on the plant and fruit (date, olive, fig)production have been described. Some innovative information having research data have been noted well. Aborted seed or seedless (reduced seed)in vegetables in vitro and in vivo. Protocol of compact fruit trees production has been developed. Inverted sugar, fructose, glucose content, antioxidant, photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotene contents have been analyzed and mentioned. Hydroponic and cell culture have been described. Some biotechnological protocols in plant, vegetable and fruit production are developed. Plant growth hormones like auxin, gibberellin and kinetin effect have been discussed. Data have been shown related to bioenergy production from using bioprocess Technology.

Innovative study is a significant factor for the student and researcher in the modern age of technologies. With view to the achieving this vision, data have been invented and put in this book as vital role. Transgenic plant production, T-DNA, DNA cloning and cell culture are discussed well having innovative data. GM (Genetically Modified) seedless fruit and vegetable was invented, plant growth hormone's effect, plant regeneration, cell clone and genomics are discussed. Effects of gibberellic acid, cytokinin, auxin are shown in different crops. Plant hormone isolation like abscisic acid, cytokinine are described well. Auxin's effects on GM (genetically modified)seedless fruit and vegetable production are stated detailed. Different methods of Genetic engineering and its application in crop production are noted well. Implementation of molecular plant biotechnology in fruit and ornamental plant related to biomedicine or herbal medicine are described. Innovative data are mentioned that abscisic acid and gibberellin affected the gene in GM crops and developed the plant growth and production as well as improved the fruit, flower and vegetable quality applying biotechnological approach.

I believe that this book will be helpful for the Undergraduate students, research students, and researchers who would like to study and innovate in their own study and research areas related to this topics. This book highlights the plant cell and tissue culture, cell regeneration and stem cell. Fundamental ideas and many research data are included in this book. Cell suspension, protoplast culture, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are described well. In vitro banana, broccoli,pineapple and hibiscus sp.cultures discussed. Stem cell culture from muscle, skeletal and other cells is mentioned. In addition to that Plant cell and DNA cloning, rDNA, T-DNA, DNA trasformation, molecular cloning related to cell culture are described mentioning different research data. Meristem culture, shoot tip culture and leaf culture, embryo culture, anther culture to generate callus as well as whole plant are discussed. Different hormones effects like BAP, IBA, NAA and GA3 to regenerate the cell and tissue are described well.

Innovation in research and study is a significant key factor in the age of modern technologies. With view to this, we have published this manuscript that would be helpful to the researchers and research students to achieve innovative idea. Biomass is biodegradable, sustainable, less CO2, CO, SOx, HC and NOX emissions sources as well as renewable and outstanding energy resource for the creation of steam and electricity, transportation fuel, manufacturing industry and solvent in the laboratory. Biomass based products can also be used in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and cosmetic industries as biomaterials like bioethanol, biofuel, biopolymer bioplastic) and bio-plastic bone joint screw and execessories using bioconversion and bioprocess like fermentation and transesterification process. In our study, we have discussed the innovative bioelectricity generation from bioethanol derived from fruit biomass. The possible means for bioelectricity generation are mentioned from fresh water algae, microalgae, marine algae, waste oil, olive, dates fruit biomass and animal (chicken, camel etc.) fat biomass based biofuel like biodiesel and bioethanol, and biomaterials using bioprocess technology.

Innovation in research related to plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology keeps an significant role in Applied Biological Science. With view to the importance of this study fruits, vegetable and ornamental plants were used as bioresources. Innovative technologies related to Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology are discussed. Application of different cell and tissue culture biotechnology (somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture), DNA cloning, isolation and transformation, Protein and RNA isolations are described well in the case of Banana, pineapple, citrus fruits, broccoli Vegetables and ornamental plants (hibiscus sp.) using different growth regulators like BAP, NAA, IAA. IBA. The protocol presented well for the isolation of RNA from the pulp of ripening fruit using Agarose gel electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE analysis of different protein extracts has described from Hibiscus sp. Microprophagation from crown, sucker, leaf, root, shoot tip as meristemetic region showed a significant results which mentioned in this study. Transgenic plant mechanism or T-DNA mechanism in plant is described as latest innovation in Molecular Plant Biotechnology.

Biomass like filamentous algae, waste cooking oil and fish byproducts are considered as suitable materials for biodiesel production due to its readily-availability and cost effective. The studies were conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for biodiesel production using alkaline transesterification bioprocess in combination with methanol, ethanol and 1-butanol. Molar ratio of alcohol to oil (3:1, 6:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) and type of catalyst were selected to compare biodiesel fuel produced from algae, waste cooking oil and fish byproducts. The biodiesel was of good quality obtained from waste corn cooking oil and fish byproducts implemented in the engine at 2000 rpm for 2 hours and reduced fuel consumption, engine emission like HC, NOx and CO. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained using 1:3 volumetric oil-to-methanol ratio at 1% heterogenous mixture of catalysts compared to homogenous catalyst. The fatty acid methyl ester, viscosity, total acid number and metal (Pb, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu. Fe) content were under ASTM standard. Biodiesel obtained from algae, waste cooking oil and fish byroducts was of ASTM standard and could be used as a source of diesel fuel in diesel engine.

Landscape plants and gardening are an attractive issue for environmental beautification in the area of Ornamental Plant Science. Landscape plant architecture and gardening are an interesting environmental biotechnological phenomenon which makes the land, road, house, office and other occasional place attractive to the growers, visitors, houseowners, farmers and pedestrian as well as increasing the values of the land or place. Bougainvillea, Hibiscus, Allamanda and other ornamental plants were used in this study. Effects of phloem and xylem stresses, thinning of leaves, amino oxaloacetic acid (AOA), sucrose, gibberellic acid, aluminium sulphate, cytokinin and glucose on the growth and development of landscaping plants were investigated. Flower/bract growth, flower size enlargement, longevity and vase life of ornamental flowers were evaluated. Chlorophyll content, carotinoid, fluorescence yield of bougainvillea and hibiscus sp. were found significantly difference at different treatments. Different micro-propagation (tissue culture) techniques and molecular (protein and DNA) biotechnology of bougainvillea, hibiscus and other landscape as well as ornamental plants have been discussed.

Biomass derived biofuel is a reducing component of global warming and greenhouse gas emission as well as reducing agent of climate change. It is biodegradable, nontoxic and environmentally friendly fuel. Bioethanol is widely used as liquid biofuel and is produced as a result of bioprocess from sugars, starches or cellulosie biomass including agro waste. The study was designed to utilize the rotten fruits of apple, mango, banana and pineapple. Fruits waste were used to produce bioethanol to contribute for clean environment by conversion of fruit waste to fuel supply and reduction of environmental pollution. The produced bioethanol was also subjected to the detailed chemical analysis (Ie, Pb, Cu, Na, Mg, Ca, etc) of residual metals. The bioethanol obtained as a result of fermentation was subjected to engine emission test and revealed a remarkable reduction of hazardous gases (NOx, SOx, HC, CO2 and CO) in the blends of bioethanol (E10, E5). The emission test was performed using a car engine (Multicylinder). It is recommended that bioethanol can be produced from waste and made industrialization using agro-waste to meet the challange of fuel crisis and environmental pollution.

With the availability of the new technologies and advanced in research on the bioethanol fuel production, innovative raw materials have been explored. Biomass is biodegradable, sustainable, less CO2, CO, SOx, HC and NOX emissions sources as well as renewable and outstanding energy resource for the creation of steam and electricity, transportation fuel and manufacturing industries. In this study, banana and pineapple wastes were used as raw materials. Fermentation bioprocess has been made using yeast, amylase, cellulase and pectinase. Fermentation of banana and pineapple mash using the highest concentration of yeast showed the highest concentration of bioethanol. The use of the mixture (pulp and skin) fruit was more suitable than skin and pulp as it could reduce the cost of the whole production process. Chemical elements of the biofuels were affected by the different concentration of yeast, and different pH treated with rotten and fresh banana. The produced bioethanol from banana and pineapple biomass was of good quality following the ASTM standard and an interesting issue that can be used as environmental recycling process for waste management.

The study was conducted to produce bioethanol fuel from rambutan biomass using different parameters. The effects of days, pH, temperatures, enzyme and yeast concentration and components of rambutan fruit waste on bioethanol production were investigated. From the results, the maximum yield of bioethanol in different parameters such as, pH temperatures, fermentation period, and yeast concentration was found at 5, 30°C, 2 days and 4 g/l (w/v), respectively. Viscosity, acid value and some metal content were found within the limits described by the American Standards for Testing Material. The bioethanol was analyzed and found that there was no toxic elements and acceptable for transportation fuel and followed the quality of ASTM standard. Fuel consumption was found less at 10% than 5% bioethanol and 100% gasoline. Greenhouse gas/engine emissions like CO2, CO, SO2, HC and NOX were reduced by using bioethanol. Bioelectricity was generated successfully by using bioethanol based fuel cell. The bioethanol from biomass was of good quality which generated electricity (recorded in votage an RPM by fuel cell). Waste material (biomass) can also be managed and renewed energy using this technolog.

Biomass is biodegradable, less CO2, CO, H2S, HC and NOX emissions as well as renewable energy resource for the creation of steam and electricity, transportation fuel, manufacturing industries as well as a solvent in the laboratory. Agricultural crops residues (biomass) have emerged as one of the promising sources for bioethanol production. Such an approach can contribute to solve major problems of air pollution resulting from green house gas emission evolution and future crisis due to the shortage of energy sources. The controlling factors that affect the production of bio-fuel (biodiesel and bioethanol) from biomass are described. The optimal value of the parameters such as temperature, pH, yeast and enzyme percent and fermentation period are found and explained. Different types of fuel cell and electricity generation were explained from different scientific sources. Nowadays biofuel as well as biofuel cell is an innovative and important energy source from biomass by which power can be generated both in transportation and electricity. Still no research work done in this regard except few demonstration. That is why, the scope of innovative bio-fuel cell for electricity generation.

The studies were conducted to produce bioethanol fuel from dates fruit biomass using different parameters. The effects of duration, pH, temperatures, enzyme concentration and components of dates waste on bioethanol production were investigated. The optimum yield of bioethanol at different parameters was evaluated. Viscosity, acid value and some metal content were found within the limits described by the American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM). The produced bioethanol was analyzed and found that there was no toxic elements and acceptable for transportation fuel and maintained the quality of ASTM standard. Fuel consumption was found less in 10% bioethanol than 5% bioethanol and 100% gasoline. Greenhouse gas emissions like NOx, CO2, CO, SOx, and HC were reduced by using bioethanol as fuel. This bioethanol from dates fruit biomass (waste dates/non-food materials) was of good quality which generated the petrol engine(Gen -2 car engine, Malaysia) . Besides, waste can be managed and renewed energy as well as recyclng process can be done by using this bioconversion and waste management technology.