Muhammad Wajid Javed — новинки

Cotton and wheat are the major cash crops of Pakistan and mainly cotton-wheat crop rotation is followed in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Aphid (Aphis gossypii) attacks on both of these crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Lady bird beetle Coccinella septempunctata is the local key predator of aphid. Food preference of predator C. septempunctata towards different kinds of aphid and semio-chemical effect of different crops including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) , wheat (Triticum aestivum), brassica (Brassica oleracea), dumbi siti (Phalaris minor) and oat (Avena sativa) on aphid were studied by using olfacto-meter. From the results it is clear that cotton, wheat and brassica are the natural host plants of aphid but other tested plants are factitious hosts. Preference of C. septempunctata is also more on cotton and wheat aphid followed by brassica crop and brassica aphid, however there is further need to explore the role of semio-chemicals that may affect the food preference of predator.

The book was related to the use of six different botanical extracts i.e. Orange peel (Citrus sinensis), Kortuma (Citrullus colosynthus), Bakain (Melia azadarach), Ak (Calotropis procera), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Knair (Neirum oleander) on three species of aphid i.e. Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), Bird Cherry Oat Aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and Oleander aphid (Aphis nerii) under laboratory conditions for giving eco-friendly control of these insect pests.Results showed that the maximum percent mortality caused by Citrus and Ak followed by Neem, Bakain, Kortuma and Knair (72.83, 72.83, 47.05, 46.29, 35.26 and 19.64%), respectively against 4th instar of Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi).

The study was related to the chemical control of cabbage caterpillar (Pieris brassicae). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) followed by five treatments with five replications to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against Pieris brassicae on cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. The four synthetic insecticides ( Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre, Acetamiprid 20 SL @ 125 ml/acre, Profenophos 500 EC @ 400 ml/acre and Emamectin benzoate 5% EC) were used as treatment and a water as a control. The maximum percentage mortality was recorded in profenofos 77.5%,followed by emamectin benzoate 72.93%, dimethoate 72.63% and acetamiprid 58.93% respectively. So, these results showed that acetamiprid is less toxic to Pieris brassicae because it caused less mortality after 72 hours while profenophos is highly toxic because it caused 77.5 % mortality in 72 hours. While the remaining insecticides( Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre and Emamectin benzoate 5% EC)are less toxic than Profenofos against Pieris brassicae.

The elaborated research activity was performed at the research area of Oil Seed Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Hybrid sunflower variety FH-331 was seeded by employing RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications and eleven treatments. Each treatment was pointing toward an isolated sowing date from January 8th to March 19th, 2014 with a separation of one week duration in each planting date.Final results showed that the sowing date after the mid February (i.e., February 19th) was better with mean populations of aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) 0.33/leaf, jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) 3.70/leaf, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) 4.56/leaf, dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus Kirby) 0.56/leaf, false chinch bug (Nysius inconspicuus Distant.) 0.31/leaf, leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) 0.73/leaf, head borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.) 4.11/plant, semilooper (Thysanoplusia orichalcea F.) 3.20/plant and armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) 0.00/plant.All other dates were not suitable when considering different insect pests. This research revealed that by changing the sowing date, insect pests damage can be lessened.

This book consists of the basic information associated with the entomological research including cotton insect pests control. It also has the host plant tolerance concept for defining the future eco-friendly control measures of insect pests. Results showed that maximum population of cotton mealybug 48/plant was found on AKSUN, that was statistically similar with ITSIT and LONAK having population of mealybug 41 and 34.3 per plant respectively at 35 days post release. Minimum population of cotton mealybug growth occurred on cholai 14.22 whereas intermediate population of cotton mealybug on hazardani 22.33 mealybugs/plant. Tolerance level indicates that aksun plant had lower level of tolerance toward mealy bug than all the tested plant species. Tolerance limit amongst the tested plant species ranged from 0.33 to 1.66. Maximum limit was found on hazardani, followed by itsit and lonak, but minimum on aksun and cholai. It is clear from the results that hazardani exhibited tolerance toward mealy bug infestation.

Fruits are of dire need in any food and other feed commodities comprising a beautiful ingredient of life. Any fruit, temperate or tropical, are governed by variety of living and non-living factors during their growth till harvest. One of these vital factors includes insect pest issues leading to loss of qualitative fruits in citrus, mango, apple, ber, peach and many other ones. In order to have a good yield of such fruits on sustained bases, one must know their injury or damage mechanisms with proper life cycle and better control practices know how. This book deals with all such basic aspects of insect pests of fruit management. An entirely research based topic regarding the population dynamics of citrus psylla (a devastating insect pest in citrus grown areas of the world) is also added to pin point the role of climatic aspects in the increase or decrease of these enemies for their management of sound footing.

Agriculture is the basic sector in the life of every civilization and country acting as core of a country progress and development. Every agronomic and horticultural crops are invaded by a wide range of insects and other pests. They lead to failure of a crop and also income reduction. In focusing this aspect, the present book is written encompassing the topics of insect pests of vegetables. A research work has also added with the topic of "Screening of different Genotypes of pea against pea leaf miner (Liriomyza huidobrensis)". The distinguishing results of seventeen genotypes are: “PREMIUM” show the maximum resistance against leaf miner and the genotype “CLIMAX” show the minimum resistance to pea leaf miner.

Wheat is tremendously important in the staple foods of the world. It is being attacked by a number of insects and pathogens leading to significant yield loss. It is very vital to protect this crop from invaded organisms. Wheat rust is one of them. In this book different research domains and institutes including whole history and varied aspects of wheat rust are present. A varietal examination is also involved to make a good cultural control of this pest.

Research is the fundamental thing in any study field either agriculture or non-agriculture areas. This book comprises of different aspects of entomological research with special focus on insect toxicological aspetcs.A research project is given with particulars as: The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) followed by five treatments with Five replications to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against jassid on arind crop (Castor Ricinuscommunis). The six synthetic insecticides (Spintoram 120 SL @ 60 ml /acre, Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre, Acetameprid20SL @ 125 ml/acre and Profenophos500 EC @ 400 ml/acre, Diafenthiuron 500 SC @ 200 ml and Pyriproxifin 10.8% EC @ 400 ml) were used as treatment and a water as a control. The maximum percentage mortality was recorded in prophenophos 90%,followed by pyriproxifin 85, dimethoat 82%, spintoram 85,diafentheuron 84% ,acetamiprid 74%, and respectively.) So, these results showed that (acetameprid) is less toxic to jassid because it causes less mortality after 72 hours while profenophos is highly toxic because it causes 90 % mortality in 72 hours. While the remaining insecticides(Spintoram 120 SL @ 60.

This book contains all the basic info related to potato diseases mainly viral problem. Some other crops are also discussed with pathological point of view. Fundamental research was performed on Potato Viruses (PVs) with different analytic ways including ELISA Test.Out of 26 varieties/lines during 2013-2014 there was no line found to exhibit high resistance against potato virus S. The results suggested that out of twenty six varieties/lines during 2013-2014, seventeen varieties/lines Cardinal, SH-5, Astrix, FD 35-36, FD 69-1, FD 69-2, Lady Roseta, Crusier, 393574-61, 391202-158, 396240-21, 394055-40 394021-120, 394005-115, 394002-120, 396240-181 and 396266-33 showed resistance response. While three varieties/ lines Santee, FD48-41 and Diament showed moderately susceptible response. Six varieties/lines, FSD red, FSD white, FD 49-28, FD 7-2, FD 1-9 and Desire showed susceptible response.

This book contains fundamentals of research in agriculture subject with special reference to Entomology. All of the basic related topics have been explained related to research aspects for generalized experiments. Further, a non-chemical control method for sunflower insect pests have also been mentioned as sunflower is a widely grown oil crop in different areas of the world.Result revealed that late planting dates reduced damage ratings and percentage damaged of Aphis gossipye as compared to early planting dates .while early planting dates reduce damage rating and percentage damaged of Amrasca bigutulla and Bemisia tabaci. Visual observations of Aphis gossipye found that the majority of Aphis gossipye were found in the early planted sunflower compared with the late planted sunflower.

Wheat is considered an essential part of food from ordinary households to national and international families. Important pests of wheat are aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum (greenbug), R. maidis (corn leaf aphid), Metopoliphium dirhodum (rose grass aphid), Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid), Diuraphis noxis (Russian wheat aphid), Stink Bugs, Armyworms, Cut worms and Stalk borrers (various species), Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopa), thrips (various species), Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor ) wheat stem maggot (Meromyze Americana), Sawfly (Cephus cinctus, Wireworms (various species), Slugs, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (various species), Mites (various species).Hover fly grubs, ground beetle, among all of these insects aphid.. Biological controls require introducing predator or parasite species to kill the pest. These bio-control agents mainly comprising lady bird beetles (Coccinellids) are described in this book for efficient and ecofriendly management approach of aphids.

The present book has all the necessary information related to the sustainable mango cultivation. It deals with major pest problems of mango with their acceptable control. The main focus of research was placed on mango midge. Midge recorded on the five verities of Mango. During the month of March and April all varieties were attacked by the mango midge with maximum population was observed in 1st week of the April on Sindri and Langra variety and low population was observed in Dusehri variety.

The book comprises of desired basic knowledge associated with labs of Entomology. It also has research oriented topics mainly insecticidal control of dusky cotton bug (cotton seed bug). Five synthetic insecticides (Spintoram 120 SL @ 60 ml /acre, Dimethoate 40% EC @ 400 ml /acre, Acetamiprid 20SL @ 125 ml/acre and Profenofos 500 EC @ 400 ml/acre and Pyriproxifin 10.8% EC @ 400 ml) were used as treatment and water as a control. The maximum percentage mortality was recorded in Pyriproxifen (LC50 0.19) 90.06%, followed by Dimethoate 90%, Profenofos 89%, Spintoram 85% and Acetamiprid 65% respectively. These results showed that (Acetamiprid) was less toxic to dusky cotton bug because it caused less mortality after 72 hours while Pyriproxifen is highly toxic because it had 90.06 % mortality in 72 hours. While the remaining insecticides are intermediate in their action against dusky cotton bug.